„Java“ operatoriai: aritmetiniai, santykiniai, loginiai ir dar daugiau

Šioje pamokoje su pavyzdžiais sužinosite apie įvairius „Java“ operatorių tipus, jų sintaksę ir kaip juos naudoti.

Operatoriai yra simboliai, atliekantys kintamųjų ir reikšmių operacijas. Pvz., +Yra operatorius, naudojamas sudedant, o *taip pat yra operatorius, naudojamas dauginimui.

„Java“ operatoriai gali būti skirstomi į 5 tipus:

  1. Aritmetikos operatoriai
  2. Užduočių operatoriai
  3. Ryšių operatoriai
  4. Loginiai operatoriai
  5. „Unary“ operatoriai
  6. Operatoriai bitais

1. „Java“ aritmetikos operatoriai

Aritmetiniai operatoriai naudojami kintamiesiems ir duomenims atlikti aritmetines operacijas. Pavyzdžiui,

 a + b;

Čia +operatorius naudojamas pridėti du kintamuosius a ir b. Panašiai „Java“ yra įvairūs kiti aritmetiniai operatoriai.

operatorius Operacija
+ Papildymas
- Atimtis
* Dauginimas
/ Padalijimas
% „Modulo“ operacija (likusi dalis po padalijimo)

1 pavyzdys: Aritmetikos operatoriai

 class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( // declare variables int a = 12, b = 5; // addition operator System.out.println("a + b = " + (a + b)); // subtraction operator System.out.println("a - b = " + (a - b)); // multiplication operator System.out.println("a * b = " + (a * b)); // division operator System.out.println("a / b = " + (a / b)); // modulo operator System.out.println("a % b = " + (a % b)); ) )

Rezultatas

 a + b = 17 a - b = 7 a * b = 60 a / b = 2 a% b = 2

Ankstesniame pavyzdyje mes naudojome +, -ir *operatorius, kad apskaičiuotume susiejimo, atimties ir daugybos operacijas.

/ Skyriaus operatorius

Atkreipkite dėmesį į operaciją a / bmūsų programoje. /Operatorius yra skyrius operatorius.

Jei naudosime padalijimo operatorių su dviem sveikaisiais skaičiais, gautas dalmuo taip pat bus sveikasis skaičius. Ir jei vienas iš operandų yra slankiojo kablelio skaičius, gausime rezultatą, kuris bus ir slankiojo kablelio.

 In Java, (9 / 2) is 4 (9.0 / 2) is 4.5 (9 / 2.0) is 4.5 (9.0 / 2.0) is 4.5

% „Modulo“ operatorius

„Modulo“ operatorius %apskaičiuoja likusią dalį. Kai a = 7padalijama iš b = 4, likusi dalis yra 3 .

Pastaba : %Operatorius dažniausiai naudojamas su sveikaisiais skaičiais.

2. „Java“ užduočių operatoriai

Priskyrimo operatoriai naudojami „Java“ programoje kintamiesiems priskirti reikšmes. Pavyzdžiui,

 int age; age = 5;

Čia =yra priskyrimo operatorius. Vertę dešinėje priskiria kairiajam kintamajam. Tai yra, 5 yra priskiriami kintamam amžiui.

Pažiūrėkime dar keletą „Java“ prieinamų priskyrimo operatorių.

operatorius Pavyzdys Prilygsta
= a = b; a = b;
+= a += b; a = a + b;
-= a -= b; a = a - b;
*= a *= b; a = a * b;
/= a /= b; a = a / b;
%= a %= b; a = a % b;

Example 2: Assignment Operators

 class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( // create variables int a = 4; int var; // assign value using = var = a; System.out.println("var using =: " + var); // assign value using =+ var += a; System.out.println("var using +=: " + var); // assign value using =* var *= a; System.out.println("var using *=: " + var); ) )

Output

 var using =: 4 var using +=: 8 var using *=: 32

3. Java Relational Operators

Relational operators are used to check the relationship between two operands. For example,

 // check is a is less than b a < b;

Here, > operator is the relational operator. It checks if a is less than b or not.

It returns either true or false.

Operator Description Example
== Is Equal To 3 == 5 returns false
!= Not Equal To 3 != 5 returns true
> Greater Than 3> 5 returns false
< Less Than 3 < 5 returns true
>= Greater Than or Equal To 3>= 5 returns false
<= Less Than or Equal To 3 <= 5 returns false

Example 3: Relational Operators

 class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( // create variables int a = 7, b = 11; // value of a and b System.out.println("a is " + a + " and b is " + b); // == operator System.out.println(a == b); // false // != operator System.out.println(a != b); // true //> operator System.out.println(a> b); // false // < operator System.out.println(a = operator System.out.println(a>= b); // false // <= operator System.out.println(a <= b); // true ) )

Note: Relational operators are used in decision making and loops.

4. Java Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to check whether an expression is true or false. They are used in decision making.

Operator Example Meaning
&& (Logical AND) expression1 && expression2 true only if both expression1 and expression2 are true
|| (Logical OR) expression1 || expression2 true if either expression1 or expression2 is true
! (Logical NOT) !expression true if expression is false and vice versa

Example 4: Logical Operators

 class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( // && operator System.out.println((5> 3) && (8> 5)); // true System.out.println((5> 3) && (8 < 5)); // false // || operator System.out.println((5 5)); // true System.out.println((5> 3) || (8 < 5)); // true System.out.println((5 < 3) || (8 3)); // false ) )

Working of Program

  • (5> 3) && (8> 5) returns true because both (5> 3) and (8> 5) are true.
  • (5> 3) && (8 < 5) returns false because the expression (8 < 5) is false.
  • (5> 3) || (8> 5) returns true because the expression (8> 5) is true.
  • (5> 3) && (8> 5) returns true because the expression (5> 3) is true.
  • (5> 3) && (8> 5) returns false because both (5 < 3) and (8 < 5) are false.
  • !(5 == 3) returns true because 5 == 3 is false.
  • !(5> 3) returns false because 5> 3 is true.

5. Java Unary Operators

Unary operators are used with only one operand. For example, ++ is a unary operator that increases the value of a variable by 1. That is, ++5 will return 6.

Different types of unary operators are:

Operator Meaning
+ Unary plus: not necessary to use since numbers are positive without using it
- Unary minus: inverts the sign of an expression
++ Increment operator: increments value by 1
-- Decrement operator: decrements value by 1
! Logical complement operator: inverts the value of a boolean

Increment and Decrement Operators

Java also provides increment and decrement operators: ++ and -- respectively. ++ increases the value of the operand by 1, while -- decrease it by 1. For example,

 int num = 5; // increase num by 1 ++num;

Here, the value of num gets increased to 6 from its initial value of 5.

Example 5: Increment and Decrement Operators

 class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( // declare variables int a = 12, b = 12; int result1, result2; // original value System.out.println("Value of a: " + a); // increment operator result1 = ++a; System.out.println("After increment: " + result1); System.out.println("Value of b: " + b); // decrement operator result2 = --b; System.out.println("After decrement: " + result2); ) )

Output

 Value of a: 12 After increment: 13 Value of b: 12 After decrement: 11

In the above program, we have used the ++ and -- operator as prefixes (++a, --b). We can also use these operators as postfix (a++, b++).

There is a slight difference when these operators are used as prefix versus when they are used as a postfix.

To learn more about these operators, visit increment and decrement operators.

6. Java Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators in Java are used to perform operations on individual bits. For example,

 Bitwise complement Operation of 35 35 = 00100011 (In Binary) ~ 00100011 ________ 11011100 = 220 (In decimal)

Here, ~ is a bitwise operator. It inverts the value of each bit (0 to 1 and 1 to 0).

The various bitwise operators present in Java are:

Operator Description
~ Bitwise Complement
<< Left Shift
>> Right Shift
>>> Unsigned Right Shift
& Bitwise AND
^ Bitwise exclusive OR

These operators are not generally used in Java. To learn more, visit Java Bitwise and Bit Shift Operators.

Other operators

Besides these operators, there are other additional operators in Java.

Java instanceof Operator

The instanceof operator checks whether an object is an instanceof a particular class. For example,

 class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( String str = "Programiz"; boolean result; // checks if str is an instance of // the String class result = str instanceof String; System.out.println("Is str an object of String? " + result); ) )

Output

 Is str an object of String? true

Here, str is an instance of the String class. Hence, the instanceof operator returns true. To learn more, visit Java instanceof.

Java Ternary Operator

The ternary operator (conditional operator) is shorthand for the if-then-else statement. For example,

 variable = Expression ? expression1 : expression2

Here's how it works.

  • If the Expression is true, expression1 is assigned to the variable.
  • If the Expression is false, expression2 is assigned to the variable.

Let's see an example of a ternary operator.

 class Java ( public static void main(String() args) ( int februaryDays = 29; String result; // ternary operator result = (februaryDays == 28) ? "Not a leap year" : "Leap year"; System.out.println(result); ) )

Output

 Leap year

In the above example, we have used the ternary operator to check if the year is a leap year or not. To learn more, visit the Java ternary operator.

Dabar, kai žinote apie „Java“ operatorius, laikas žinoti, kokia tvarka vertinami operatoriai. Norėdami sužinoti daugiau, apsilankykite „Java Operator Preedence“.

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